Cause and Effect of Stress in Young Children - 1162 Words

Determining Causes and Effects- Draft Version Jacqueline C. Winfield Professor Leverett Butts English Composition- ENG 115 Friday, November 22, 2012 Young children are not always the first people we think of when it comes to the stress factor. We tend to believe that they are living in their best years, however with changes in economic situations such as parents not remaining married, being exposed to violence, and even feeling the need to belong a child can become overwhelmed. According to Wikipedia contributors, stress in young children can be beneficial to proper growth and development if it is not persistent (2013). Stress in young children should be monitored by caregivers, teachers, and others to prevent youth from†¦show more content†¦This increases the needs for medical doctors and researchers to aid in children’s well-being. Stress can make one over-aggressive causing children to become more violent. This possibly will increase the rates in bullying in schools at present to domestic abuse in the future. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is define as a mental condition that can affect a person who has had a very shocking or difficult experience and that is usually characterized by depression, anxiety, etc.( Merriam- Webster, 2013). When PTSD is not diagnosed for a long period it harms the brain causing impaired brain circuit formation resulting in small brain size in younger children (Wikipedia, 2013). Another effect of stress in youth is obesity. It has been an ongoing problem in past years. With the increasing demand of fast food chains it has become a quick fix for people to over indulge in horrible eating habits. With fast food restaurants’ remanding open late night and the famous value menu we are losing our youth to chubbiness. Between the factors of PTSD and obesity a child may become withdrawn. When this happens it can increase suicide rates. Children who are withdrawn may struggle in school, have frequent mood changes, feel neglect, and generally inadequate to their peers. As shown in the graph below, children make up 50% of people affected byShow MoreRelated Effects Of Being A Foster Care On Children And Adolescents1219 Words   |  5 PagesMackenzie Murphy English Composition 101 Dr.Kom Kunyosing Cause and Effect Essay November 16, 2015 Effects of being in foster care on children and adolescents Being in foster care can either have a positive effect on someone or it could have a very negative effect on someone. In my case, it not only had a positive effect but it also had some downfalls. Most often times children/adolescents are placed in foster care because it is a safer environment for themRead MoreThe Effects of Poverty on Children Essay1217 Words   |  5 Pages When analyzing children growing up in poverty a lot of factors come into play such as their physical, psychological and emotional development. 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Divorce is one of the many occurrences that definitely affects children way more than adults. Divorce affects the adults with money issues, loss of a partner, and the lifestyle of the adult and with over â€Å"fifty percent of marriages† (Corcoran 1997) ending in divorceRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On Infants And Young Children1711 Words   |  7 Pagesour environment shapes us is through stress, either experienced directly or indirectly. Stress is a complex physiobiological response that can have enduring biological, emotional, and behavioral consequences (Lupien et al, 2009). A fetus is sensitive to hormonal and other physiological indicators of stress within the womb and exposure to stress carries on after conception and continues to affect emotional and cognitive functioning of infants and young children. Similar to many other psychologicalRead MoreEffects of Non-Normative Life Events on Preschool and Middle Aged Children; Cognitive and Socioemotional1627 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Non-Normative Life Events on Preschool and Middle Aged Children; Cognitive and Socioemotional. This paper is intended to answer the question of what the effects are of non -normative life events on preschoolers and middle childhood aged children; cognitively and socioemotionally. This is very dear to me as I have two young children as well as older step children that have dealt with medical conditions with their father and I, as well as divorce with my older step children. ManyRead MoreThe Effect on Smoking Cigarette Banned in Public Essays1282 Words   |  6 Pagesrisk of dangerous drugs that cause the disease to the body of smokers and people who live nearby. Currently, there are many more smokers are aware of the adverse effects of smoking. But the number of smokers is still increasing. Especially worrisome and continue to cause adverse effects in both polite society and the environment. Smoking is much more to keep the population down to health problems and premature death. Of death, with smoking rates higher than other causes of death combined, includingRead MoreDivorce : The Effect On Children1084 Words   |  5 PagesHalterman Professor Tausch CTI 102 D Written Communication 4 October 2014 Divorce: the Effect on Children In today’s society, divorce has become a normal occurrence. Married couples today are getting divorces due to many different reasons; conflicts in the marriage, a loss of romantic feelings, perhaps a spouse is having an affair, or other types of problems. Most divorces have children that are really young and due to their age, they do not have any idea how to deal with this type of situationRead MoreAll around the world domestic violence is a threat to all different types of families, including1000 Words   |  4 Pagestypes of families, including children and adults. â€Å"It is estimated that approximately 3 million incidents of domestic violence are reported each year in the United States† (Feinstein). The most common victims of domestic violence are women, and children. Organizations that offers protection for victims includes: National Network to End Domestic Violence, Survivor Network, and National Council on Child Abuse and Family Violence. Domestic violence can have negative effects on people causing; emotional

Bank Redevelopment for Commercial Redevelopment Methodology

Question: Discuss about theBank Redevelopment for Commercial Redevelopment Methodology. Answer: Introduction A redevelopment plan, though a costly venture, is done when the benefits outweigh the drawbacks(Hardie, et al., 2012). However, there are various considerations put in place to ensure that the project is in line with the safety requirements as well as the regulatory requirements put in place by the law. As per the redevelopment of the bank, the main concern is to increase the office space because of the increase in the economy around the locality. The building remains the headquarters of the bank but more to this, there is a likelihood of the increased occupancy of the building. Therefore, the redevelopment will need to ensure that there is a proper and sustainable use of the space around the CBD.Moreover, during the reconstruction and the redevelopment stage, the bank needs temporary headquarters and a space to continue with its activities and this can basically be ensured by proper planning prior to the redevelopment phase. One major aspect of the redevelopment is the mutual agreement between the bank and the company. There is bound to be mutual gain between the two organizations with each contributing a substantial share in the redevelopment. Agreements, as well as contracts, stipulate the various roles that each of the shareholders in the plan will play(Turner, 2008). As per the bank, the costs incurred will be on the on the architectural designing of the building, with the other costs and planning done by the property development team. The remaining part will be played by the construction company. Finally, when all is said and done, the bank will retain the rights associated with the new building with the other parties playing, minor, but significant roles in the building ownership. All this is entrained in this report: the redevelopment entities and the necessary recommendations that may be associated with this agreement. Contracts in the redevelopment To begin with, there are various factors that need to be taken into consideration for the redevelopment of the property. However, because am in the position of a commercial manager in the construction company, which basically means the position that overlooks the construction management process, all this will fall under my wing. The design phase is one of the most underlooked, but yet the most important phase in the construction, or the redevelopment of any structural outfit. The bank manager has outlined and selected the company of his choosing on the architectural plans of the building. The plans need to be viable in the aspect of space as well as the costs to be incurred(Envision Eugene Technical Resource Group, 2011).in this regard, an architectural plan that does not comply with the safety standards, as well as the structural functioning of the building, is basically a waste of resources(Lowe Leiringer, 2008). Therefore, the plans brought forth should have an opinion of the con tractors and as a matter of fact, the property development team in it. All this is to make sure that the workability of the plans is relatively easy and the costs incurred are not that exorbitant. This process basically requires bidding but as in our case, this is already done selectively. The architectural planning stage is an intricate one where there is the need for contractual agreement(Lowe Leiringer, 2008). In the agreement between the bank owner and the architectural firm, some of the things that need to be discussed, and thereafter put on paper include: a decrease in the risk factor associated with the proposed structural drawings(OBrien, 2008), the control over the performance(Jonas McCarthy, 2009), costs and the standards of the building(Miller, 2008), the viability of the plans in relation to a changing work environment(Dewar, 2007) and generally value for the money put into the project. In line with my work position as the commercial manager of the construction company, the aspect of bidding falls under my wing. There are basically two types of bidding processes that any construction process entails: a closed bid and a closed bid (IACCM, 2013). Since the redevelopment is, to a large extent, part of our plans, the bidding needs not to be done. Closed bids are reserved for projects which are basically privately owned(Ryall Sampson, 2009). The bank manager has been selective in the bidding process in which case he has selected our particular company for this specific job. As a matter of fact, the bidding process has been reduced to just an agreement between the bank manager and the managing director. Moreover, there is no selection of the type of the work contractor based on the type of agreement. The contractor, as well as the client, are all under one umbrella of our organization. Considering that there is no selection of the contractor on the basis of the type of contract, we as the company have the right to practice the work ethics on the basis of the best value selection(Schildkret, 2008). In this, the bank manager has delegated all the responsibilities of the redevelopment process on the property management by basically combining the qualification requirements and the best price. Both the property redevelopment branch and the construction branch are under one roof and as such, the work is an internal affair. Our expertise in the construction, as well as the redevelopment, plays a significant role in this task. Therefore, in line with the architectural drawings and the construction process, our main aim is to ensure that there is a proper and appropriate, economically viable, redevelopment phase. The company will have to focus on minimizing the costs of construction but at the same time ensuring that the building is up to the best standards and regulations of building construction(Beaume, et al., 2009). There are four payment criteria for any redevelopment phase: Cost-free plus, guaranteed max price, lump sum and unit price (Lowe, 2013).Since our main redevelopment agenda is to ensure that the building is completed within the shortest duration of time, we will have to examine the three payment criteria for proper selection. The first criteria of cost-plus-fee basically are very beneficial to the contractor. What this basically means is that the client will have to part with some amount of money, basically a percentage of the total, in addition to the contract stipulations(IACCM, 2013). However, since the client and the contractor fall all under one roof, there is the aspect of all the money remaining in the organization and as such, might modify the basic contract stipulations. The second type of contract is the guaranteed maximum price which is, more or less, like the cost-plus-fee, but the payment fee is fixed and as such cannot go beyond a certain limit, as agreed by both parties. Unit price contract is the type of contract in which both the contractor and the client agree when the price of construction cannot be determined easily. On this regard, the client stipulates the units that should provide a maximum expenditure for the construction. Finally, there is the lump sum payment contract where the client pays the full amount of money required by the contractor(Lowe, 2013). The contract basically does not consider the success or failure of the project. Furthermore, there is no consideration on whether the cash brought forth will fully cover the completion of the project. As outlined above and with the proper consultation between the two branches of the organization, the most likely contract of payment that is to be employed for the success of the project is the unit price. The client, the redevelopment branch, and, the construction branch will have to agree on the unit prices of the construction process which in turn will limit the expenditure while at the same time ensuring economic feasibility. As a matter of fact, the construction branch may as well stipulate the unit prices of the construction to ensure that the most appropriate design methodology is employed. The redevelopment aspect will furthermore require a business model for the project. There are basically two models in the construction industry that outline the construction process: design, bid, build and design-build. As in our case, the most appropriate contract will be the design-build. The contract provides the platform for the redevelopment of the building when the designer and the builder fall under one roof (Lowe, 2013). As a matter of fact, the contract provides a more efficient and date sensitive redevelopment strategy for the project. The design and the redevelopment of the building g can furthermore happen at the same time. The phases of the redevelopment There are essential principles that will need to be employed for the redevelopment phase. All these principles serve as the guide throughout the redevelopment process and as such, neglecting them may lead to a delayed completion date or wastage of resources. There are basically five phases that make up the project management and as such, the commercial manager should ensure that are all ingrained in the redevelopment or construction process. Feasibility of the project is a major principle determining factor. In this, there is a need for the evaluation of the banks proposed redevelopment plans. Furthermore, all the stakeholders in the redevelopment plan will need to be consulted to ensure that there is no infringement on any of the agreements. When all is agreed upon, we will need to create a project initiation document. The second phase mainly involves planning. The planning phase mainly outlines the goals that are to be achieved by each member of the redevelopment team. However, all this is the duty of the project manager who basically outlines the plans and afterward creates a project management plan. This documents guide the redevelopment plan and outline the control and the execution of each team member(Sommer Loch, 2009). Other documents that may be involved in this stage include the project statement and the project documentation, the structure of work breakdown, communication strategies and the plans for risk reduction. As per the planning, the business statement and objectives basically try to establish the various milestones to be achieved during the redevelopment process (IACCM, 2013). It is a very useful tool that will guide the everyday working and provide the platform for creativity and innovation. The document furthermore outlines what is to be included in the work breakdown structure. In this, the work breakdown structure is to ensure that the whole process is broken down into various chunks that can easily be managed. The third document-communication plan-outlines the proper methodology to be used in communication between the various parties involved in the redevelopment plan. It ensures that everyone in the project is reading from the same page, therefore, preventing any sort of miscommunication or misunderstanding. Finally, the risk management plan is drafted to ensure that the managers are able to identify certain risks and provide measures that will avert them. Some of the risks that ma y be associated with the redevelopment may include changing economics, inadequate resources, increasing expenditure, time risks among others. The third stage in the redevelopment is the execution. Basically, the execution phase is the stage that gives the green light for the commencement of the project. Therefore, the activities that will be involved in this stage include; execution of the various tasks, modification of the plans as well as the schedule, setting up of the tracking system among others. Moreover, this stage works hand in hand with the performance and monitoring stage(Rose, et al., 2014). The latter stage monitors the progress of the project and ensures that all is in line with the time schedule and the milestones. Finally, there is the phase that identifies the completion of the project. The main aim of this stage is to create a project report that serves to identify all the remarkable achievements and underachievers of the project(Shinn, 2008). Furthermore, this stage allows the team to perform a budgetary analysis of the project and identifies all that did not get accomplished. In the redevelopment of the bank, this will be a vital piece of information that will be delivered to the bank manager upon completion of the project. Recommendations As indicated above, contracts play a vital role in the progress of any activity that entails two or more parties. As in our case, there should be a contractual agreement between the bank manager and the redevelopment branch of the organization. By doing so, any future misunderstanding and disagreements will be averted. Furthermore, the contract will provide a blueprint for the mutual redevelopment work done by both the bank and the property development team. Another important consideration is the understanding between the architect and the construction part of the firm. By ensuring that the architect and the construction team are reading from the same script in regard to the necessary materials to be used during construction and the sizing of the different offices, any future misunderstanding will be prevented. Not all architects and construction teams work harmoniously and as such, the bank manager should take this into consideration. As a matter of fact, the architect should as per the preference of the construction team. References Beaume, R., Maniak, R. Midler, C., 2009. Crossing innovations and product project management:a comparative analysis in the automotive industry. journaal of project management. Dewar, . M., 2007. City of Detroit compiled property data from Planning and Development. Detroit, MI: s.n. Envision Eugene Technical Resource Group, 2011. Commercial Redevelopment Methodology, s.l.: s.n. Hardie, M., khan, S. O'Donnel, A., 2012. The efficacy of waste management plans in Australian commercial construction refurbishment projects. s.l.:s.n. IACCM, 2013. Fundamentals of contyract and commercial agreements. s.l.:s.n. Jonas, A. McCarthy, L., 2009. Urban management and regheneration in the united states:state intervention or redevelopment at all costs?. s.l.:s.n. Lowe, D., 2013. Commercial maagement:theory and practice. s.l.:s.n. Lowe, D. Leiringer, R., 2008. Commercial management of projects:defining the discipline. Miller, L., 2008. Contextualizing current commercial redevelopment priorities in Brightmoor:Charting the evolution of planning for commercial development in Detroits cluster 8 neighborhoods. Ann Arbor, MI. s.l.:University ofMichigan. OBrien, . J., 2008. Presentation and e-mail correspondence with the Executive Director of Northwest Detroit Development Corporation. s.l.:Thousand Oaks: Sage. Rose, g., Degan, M. Melhuist, C., 2014. Networks,interfaces,and computer genarated images:learning from visualisation of urban redevelopment projecs. Environmental and planning. Ryall, M. D. Sampson, R. C., 2009. Formal contracts in the presence of relational enforcement mechanisms:evidence from technology based projects. s.l.:s.n. Schildkret, . M., 2008. Explorations of commercial strategy for west Detroit. s.l.:University of Michigan, Urban and Regional Planning Program. Shinn, H. B., 2008. Living on the edge:financing post-displacement housing in urban redevelopment projects in seoul. environmental and urbanisation journals. Sommer, S. C. Loch, C. H., 2009. Incentive contracts with unforeseeable uncertainity. s.l.:s.n. Turner, J. R., 2008. handbook of project based management.

President Jackson And The Removal Of The Cherokee Indians Essays

President Jackson and the Removal of the Cherokee Indians "The decision of the Jackson administration to remove the Cherokee Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River in the 1830's was more a reformulation of the national policy that had been in effect since the 1790's than a change in that policy." The dictum above is firm and can be easily proved by examining the administration of Jackson and comparison to the traditional course which was carried out for about 40 years. After 1825 the federal government attempted to remove all eastern Indians to the Great Plains area of the Far West. The Cherokee Indians of northwestern Georgia, to protect themselves from removal, made up a constitution which said that the Cherokee Indians were sovereign and not subject to the laws of Georgia. When the Cherokee sought help from the Congress that body only allotted lands in the West and urged them to move. The Supreme Court, however, in Worcester vs. Georgia, ruled that they constituted a "domestic dependent nation" not subject to the laws of Georgia. Jackson, who sympathized with the frontiersman, was so outraged that he refused to enforce the decision. Instead he persuaded the tribe to give up it's Georgia lands for a reservation west of the Mississippi. According to Document A, the map shows eloquently, the relationship between time and policies which effected the Indians. From the Colonial and Confederation treaties, a significant amount of land had been acquired from the Cherokee Indians. Successively, during Washington's, Monroe's, and Jefferson's administration, more and more Indian land was being commandeered. The administrations during the 1790's to the 1830's had gradually acquired more and more land from the Cherokee Indians. Jackson followed that precedent by the acquisition of more Cherokee lands. According to Document B, "the first of which is by raising an army, and [destroying the resisting] tribes entirely or 2ndly by forming treaties of peace with them", "under the existing circumstances of affairs, the United States have a clear right, consistently with the principles of justice and the laws of nature, to proceed to the destruction or expulsion of the savages." The use of the word savages, shows that the American had irreverence toward other ethnic backgrounds. Henry Knox wanted to destroy the cherokee tribes inorder to gain land for the United States, although he questions the morality of whether to acquire the cherokee land, his conclusion forbode's the appropriation. According to Document C, "That the Cherokee Nation may be led to a greater degree of civilization, and to become herdsmen and cultivators, instead of remaining in a state of hunters, the United States will from time to time gratuitously the said nation with useful implements of husbandry." The statement made by Henry Knox shows an ethnocentric view toward the indians. Knox viewed them as savages, and said that the role of the United States is to propagate their evolution into herdsmen and cultivators instead of hunters. What Knox did not realize was that he was attempting to change the culture of the Cherokee Indians, and that would be an infringement upon their sovereignty. According to Document E, "[In exchange for Georgia's cession of claims to certain western lands] . . . the United States shall, at their own Expense, [obtain for] the Use of Georgia, as early as the same can be peaceably obtained on reasonable terms, the indian Title . . . to all the other Lands within the State of Georgia." The statement above, explains how the United States is being avaricious in expanding the State of Georgia into cherokee lands. Manifest Destiny and irreverence toward the Cherokee Indians can be explained by this. According to Document F, "The Indian tribes . . . have for a considerable time been growing more and more uneasy at the constant diminution of the territory they occupy, although effected by their own voluntary sales, and the policy has long been gaining strength with them of refusing absolutely all further sale on any conditions . . . . In order peaceable to counteract this policy of theirs and to provide an extension of territory which the rapid increase of our numbers will call for [they should be led to an agricultural way of life, thus lessening their need for land], In leading them thus to . . . civilization . . . I trust and believe we are acting for their greatest good." Thomas Jefferson believed that some people were dependent(slaves, women, indians) and some people were independent (White males), he believed that the independent of society should help

Literature review on entrepreneurial finance The WritePass Journal

Literature review on entrepreneurial finance Introduction Literature review on entrepreneurial finance IntroductionResearch ProposalBackgroundBank FinanceFinancing PreferencesStudy Aims and ObjectivesResearch StatementResearch QuestionsRelated Introduction Research Proposal Although it appears to be contentious whether availability of finance impacts on entrepreneurial entry to markets (Kim et al., 2006, p. 5), it is likely to be a critical factor in determining the early success or failure of any new start-up venture. What is more, it has also been implicated as an important factor in determining the ongoing success of the business (Marlow Patton, 2005, p. 717; Capelleras et al., 2008, p. 688). The literature would also appear to indicate that the balance between the availability to and uptake by entrepreneurs of different forms of finance may have wider effects on the national economy (Deidda Fattouh, 2008, p. 6). Therefore it may be important to gain a better understanding of the level of availability of different forms of finance to start-up ventures, along with different factors affecting their uptake by entrepreneurs. Background This section of the proposal provides a brief overview of the literature on the different financing options available to start-up ventures, focusing on bank finance and venture capital. Bank Finance There is a lack of recent research available as to trends in funding of entrepreneurs in The Netherlands. Understanding of such trends in other countries, where extensive research has taken place in the field of entrepreneurial finance, could result in the understanding as well as the applicability of general findings to The Netherlands and any other country. Evidence confirms that banks continued to provide a major source of finance for SMEs in the 1990s (Hughes, 1997, p. 151) although it would be expected that the recent financial crisis could have impacted this (Udell, 2011, p. 103). While relaxing financial constraints may allow greater access to bank financing for entrepreneurs, it may also encourage excessive entry to the market and may also undermine bank-monitoring incentives according to Arping et al. (2010, p. 26). Evidence from developing nations such as South Africa suggest that access to formal bank financing is likely to be a determinant of start-up rates in any given region (Naude et al., 2008, p. 111). There was however, little consideration in this paper as to whether availability of venture capital had any moderating effect on this relationship, and other sources suggest that this may be less important than availability of human capital (Kim et al., 2006, p. 5). There may not only be issues associated with availability of bank finance, but also access to it. There is some suggestion within the literature that women may be somewhat disadvantaged in securing bank finance when compared to their male counterparts (Marlow Patton, 2005, p. 717; Carter et al., 2007, p. 427). Other authors have disputed this, although it is possible that these differences could be accounted for by different geographical foci (Sabarwal et al., 2009, p. 1). There is also some suggestion that differences may exist between ethnic groups in access to bank finance (Smallbone et al., 2003, p. 291) while other personal characteristics of entrepreneurs could also create barriers (Irwin Scott, 2010, p. 245). The relationship between banks and entrepreneurs could be key to enabling access. Research from Italy suggests that there could be trust issues between young entrepreneurial firms and bank managers. This may be particularly true where there is perceived to be heavy monitoring, and may lead to lower levels of demand for bank financing (Howorth Moro, 2006, p. 495). There is some evidence that the ownership of the bank itself may influence the relationships it forms with businesses of all types, including start-ups. In particular, the evidence suggests that firms are more likely to maintain exclusive relationships with state-owned banks, which may indicate greater levels of trust than compared to foreign or privately owned banks (Berger et al., 2008, p. 37). The literature identifies some strategies that may be effective in helping to overcome these barriers. For example in emerging economies, networking has been implicated as an important strategy in helping small to medium enterprises (SMEs) secure bank financing. This more specifically relates to networking with customers and government officials (Le Nguyen, 2009, p. 867). There is some suggestion that firms in developed countries are more likely to incorporate in order to access formal bank financing (Acs et al., 2008, p. 10). Financing Preferences It has been speculated that young businesses may require more than just monetary input, but also require access to expertise. This argument has been proposed predominantly in the context of technology firms, who may lack experience in research and development. Such businesses may benefit from expertise provided by venture capital firms who possess expertise and skills in this area (Keuschnigg Nielsen, 2005, p. 222). It would however be suggested that this may extend into some other sectors on the basis of research by Kim et al. (2006, p. 5) which found that availability of human capital was instrumental in determining entrepreneurial entry to markets. Quantitative surveys conducted amongst start-up firms has suggested that various characteristics of those ventures may determine the structure and types of finance which are utilized, including size, assets, growth orientation and owner characteristics (Cassar, 2004, p. 261). When selecting venture capital, businesses must consider contracts carefully, as these will have a significant impact on how the firm is able to exit at a later stage (Cumming, 2008, p. 1947). de Bettignies and Brander (2007, p. 808) argue that venture capital may be preferred to bank finance when venture capital productivity is high and entrepreneurial productivity is low. Winton and Yerramilli (2008, p. 51) suggest that there may be different criteria for determining preference, based on preference for risky or safe continuation practices and relative costs associated with finance options. For example, they suggest that if venture capital companies lower their cost of capital, this may entice some entrepreneurs to switch from safe continuation strategies utilizing bank finance, to riskier strategies utilizing venture capital. Study Aims and Objectives It would appear that many of the studies discussed in the previous section have much to contribute to a better understanding of how entrepreneurs select between bank and venture capital financing. However, most have focused on only limited aspects of the issue. A literature review that aims to take a wider perspective may therefore be useful in providing a better understanding of what may be a relatively complex decision-making process. In particular, most of the evidence available has examined the availability and access to bank financing, with much less information available on comparison to venture capital availability and access. Yet contrasting the benefits and limitations of the two may be important in enabling entrepreneurs to make an informed decision when structuring their start-up finance arrangements. Research Statement The research aims to conduct a review of the literature that will enable comparison of benefits and limitations of bank finance and venture capital. Research Questions The following research questions will be addressed by the review:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Are there differences in the availability of and access to bank financing and venture capital to businesses?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Does the availability and access to different types of finance impact choices made by entrepreneurs?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Are there common barriers to bank finance and venture capital or are some barriers specific to one option? When successfully answered, the findings from the previous questions should give answer to the following question by means of a recommendation: Are there any strategies that may enable entrepreneurs to overcome these barriers? References Acs, Z.J., Desai, S. Klapper, L.F. (2008) What does ‘Entrepreneurship’ data really show? A comparison of the global entrepreneurship monitor and world bank group datasets. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4667. Accessed 13 May 2011, from: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1233043.   Arping, S., Loranth, G. Morrison, A.D. (2010). Public initiatives to support entrepreneurs: Credit guarantees versus co-funding. Journal of Financial Stability, 6(1): 26-35. Berger, A.N., Klapper, L.F., Peria, M.S.M. Zaidi, R. (2008). Bank ownership type and banking relationships. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 17(1): 37-62. Capelleras, J.-L., Mole, K.F., Greene, F.J. Storey, D.J. (2008). Do more heavily regulated economies have poorer performing new ventures? Evidence from Britain and Spain. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(4): 688-704.   Carter, S., Shaw, E., Lam, W. Wilson, F. (2007). Gender, entrepreneurship, and bank lending: The criteria and processes used by bank loan officers in assessing applications. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3): 427-444. Cassar, G. (2004). The financing of business start ups. Journal of Business Venturing, 19(2): 261-283.   Cumming, D. (2008). Contracts and exits in venture capital finance. The Review of Financial Studies, 21(5): 1947-1982.   de Bettignies, J.-E. Brander, J.A. (2007). Financing entrepreneurship: Bank finance versus venture capital. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(6): 808-832. Deidda, L. Fattouh, B. (2008). Banks, financial markets and growth. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 17(1): 6-36. Howorth, C. Moro, A. (2006). Trust within entrepreneur bank relationships: Insights from Italy. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(4): 495-517. Hughes, A. (1997). Finance for SMEs: A UK perspective. Business and Economics, 9(2): 151-168. Irwin, D. Scott, J.M. (2010). Barriers faced by SMEs in raising bank finance. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour Research, 16(3): 245-259. Keuschnigg, C. Nielsen, S.B. (2005) ‘Public policy for start-up entrepreneurship with venture capital and bank finance’. In V. Kanniainen C. Keuschnigg (Eds.) Venture Capital, Entrepreneurship, and Public Policy. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, pp. 221-250.   Kim, P.H., Aldrich, H.E. Keister, L.A. (2006). Access (not) denied: The impact of financial, human, and cultural capital on entrepreneurial entry in the United States. Small Business Economics, 27(1): 5-22. Le, N.T.B. Nguyen, T.V. (2009). The impact of networking on bank financing: The case of small and medium-sized enterprises in Vietnam. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(4): 867-887.   Marlow, S. Patton, D. (2005). All credit to men? Entrepreneurship, finance, and gender. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(6): 717-735.   Naude, W., Gries, T., Wood, E. Meintijies, A. (2008) Regional determinants of entrepreneurial start-ups in a developing country. Entrepreneurship Regional Development, 20(2): 111-124.   Sabarwal, S., Terrell, K. Bardasi, E. (2009). How do Female Entrepreneurs Perform? Evidence from Three Developing Regions. World Bank. Accessed 15 May 2011, from: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTGENDER/Resources/336003-1240628924155/Sabarwal_Terrell_Bardasi_Entrep_All_CWE.pdf. Smallbone, D., Ram, M., Deakins, D. Aldock, R.B. (2003). Access to finance by ethnic minority businesses in the UK. International Small Business Journal, 21(3): 291-314. Udell, G.F. (2011). SME financing and the financial crisis: A framework and some issues. In G. Calcagnini I. Favaretto (Eds.) The Economics of Small Businesses: An International Perspective. London: Springer Heidelberg, pp. 103-113.   Winton, A. Yerramilli, V. (2008). Entrepreneurial finance: Banks versus venture capital. Journal of Financial Economics, 88(1): 51-79.

The Day My Dad Didnt Make it Home from Work - by Marianne Worley, Business Writing Consultant at The Essay Expert

The Day My Dad Didnt Make it Home from Work - by Marianne Worley, Business Writing Consultant at The Essay Expert [Reposted with the permission of the very talented business/marketing writer Marianne Worley, consultant at The Essay Expert. This poignant story was originally posted on her blog, Marketing Matters and Other Stories. I didnt even have to think before asking her if I could post it to The Essay Experts blog on Memorial Day.] The day was Monday, April 21, 2008. My phone rang just after 9pm. I checked the caller ID–it was my brother Nolan. Instinctively, I knew something was wrong, very wrong. My Dad had been in an accident and was being taken to a hospital about 20 miles north of my house. We didn’t know anything more. I quickly got dressed, jumped in my car, and hit the gas pedal. About 5 minutes later, my brother called again. Now Dad was being transported by helicopter to the much larger hospital just a few miles from my house. I got off the freeway and drove back the other way. My brother, sister-in-law, and I arrived at the hospital around the same time. The helicopter was still in flight, so we staked out seats in the busy emergency room to wait, still perplexed about what had happened to our Dad. After my stepmom and sister rushed in, we learned the whole story. My Dad usually came home from work around 5 or 6, so when it started to get dark and he still wasn’t home, my stepmom picked up the phone to make some increasingly frantic calls. My Dad was notorious for sporadically answering cell calls. As a contractor, he was constantly breaking and losing mobile phones. She wasn’t surprised when he didn’t answer, so she dialed his friends and clients. He had left the job site hours earlier, but no one knew where he was. My stepmom and sister decided to drive to the job site to look for him. They found his empty work truck on the side of the road with the driver’s side door open. They called 911 and nearby friends who could help with the search. There was a small creek parallel to the road with a steep bank covered in thick, muddy vegetation. My athletic sister charged down the hill and found him lying unconscious in the creek, pale and covered with dirt. The paramedics pulled him up on a rescue stretcher and loaded him into the helicopter. This process doesn’t take a few minutes, like it does on TV and in the movies. The rescue actually took more than an hour. The helicopter finally arrived, but still we knew nothing about his condition. We assumed it was a stroke, or something similar. When they finally let us in to see him, we discovered that he had suffered some sort of episode, possibly a seizure, and was experiencing pronounced weakness on one side of his body. It looked like a stroke, but he was stable. So they admitted him and scheduled an MRI for the next morning. The following day, the doctors confirmed that the MRI results showed that it looked like a stroke. We felt relieved. We knew a brain tumor would be a much more deadly diagnosis. But they still wanted to get a new MRI, with contrast, the next day to be sure. On Wednesday, April 23, 2008, our lives changed forever. The new MRI showed that it wasn’t a stroke–it was a brain tumor. They called in a neurosurgeon for a consultation. My education in neurology commenced that day. I carried a notebook at all times. I scribbled down details from the doctors during the day and did online research at night. Over the next 7 months, my Dad had a biopsy and was diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme, the most aggressive form of brain cancer. Our doctor decided to treat with radiation and chemotherapy, not surgery. I knew that without surgery, the 6-month survival rate was almost zero. When I pressed him, he said he could do the surgery if we got a second opinion from one of the neurosurgeons he recommended. After many phone calls, I got an appointment with one of the top experts in the country at Cedars-Sinai in Los Angeles. The neurosurgeon just needed to see my Dad’s (now enormous) medical file, along with all of his MRI results. We got his opinion, and my Dad had surgery to remove the tumor. Although the surgery was successful, he still needed radiation and chemo to stave off regrowth, which is incredibly common. I researched clinical trials and spoke to doctors at UCLA and UC San Francisco. My Dad didn’t qualify for any trials and his prognosis was grave. By September, the tumor was back, bigger than before. We tried some experimental chemo drugs, but nothing helped. My Dad wasted away before our eyes, until we finally called in hospice care in November. On December 3rd, the hospice nurse told us that the end was near, so we gathered together to say goodbye. We stayed up pretty late, but finally succumbed to our own fatigue and reluctantly went to bed. Just before 4:30am, I awoke suddenly and sat bolt upright. I went downstairs and the nurse told me she had just checked on my Dad–he was still hanging in there. When I went to his bedside, I touched his hands and face. I didn’t think he was breathing, so I woke up my stepmom, who had decided to take a quick nap just minutes before. He was gone. We all gathered around his bed and cried again. A week or so later, my sister Whitney and I, always the Daddy’s-Little-Girl types, decided to get tattoos to celebrate our Dad’s life. She got an elegant â€Å"W† and I got an infinity sign with a â€Å"W† in the middle. Worley forever. My Dad was never called to battle in Vietnam, but that doesn’t mean he didn’t fight a war. So on this Memorial Day, I remember all who have fallen in war, including the continuing war on cancer. ____________________ I haven’t met anyone who hasn’t been touched in some way by cancer. The next time you’re thinking about making a cash donation to a charity, please consider one of the organizations in the fight against cancer, including the American Brain Tumor Association. Thanks for reading this very personal story. I’m sharing it because it shaped who I am today. Many thanks to my fellow blogger The JackB–his post from yesterday inspired me to write this. I haven’t met anyone who hasn’t been touched in some way by cancer. The next time you’re thinking about making a cash donation to a charity, please consider one of the organizations in the fight against cancer, including the American Brain Tumor Association. Category:UncategorizedBy Brenda BernsteinMay 31, 2011 8 Comments Nancy Anderson says: May 31, 2011 at 12:50 pm What a beautiful story. I too lost my dad to cancer and as I read your words, I could feel myself going through the same feelings, thoughts and anguish. God bless your father and your family. Thank you for sharing your story with us. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: May 31, 2011 at 1:55 pm Youre very welcome Nancy. This was Mariannes story. My father died 14 years ago after a week-long battle with pneumonia, so Mariannes piece spoke loudly to me. Im so glad it is being appreciated. Log in to Reply Alejandra Leiva says: October 6, 2016 at 10:43 am Hi The Essay Expert, I was wondering how I can submit a question about some words. Here I have one: Do we stand in the snow or on the snow? Log in to Reply Brenda Bernstein says: October 6, 2016 at 11:12 am Hi Alejandra! If you are standing on top of the snow, in snow shoes or skis for instance, you would be standing on the snow. If you are waist-deep in snow you would be standing in the snow. Or if you are in a snowstorm you would be in the snow. I hope that helps! Log in to Reply Alejandra Leiva says: October 6, 2016 at 4:27 pm Awesome that helps a lot! Could you help me with another question? Which of these is correct? Or what do they mean? count with me count on me Brenda Bernstein says: October 22, 2016 at 6:54 am Count on me means you can rely on me. Count with me would mean something like count to 10 with me! The Essay Expert says: May 31, 2011 at 1:55 pm So true Pedro. Even a week-long battle, like the one my father fought, is a battle indeed. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: May 31, 2011 at 4:40 pm Thank you Jan. Its amazing how many this disease has touched. My heart goes out to you. Log in to Reply

Effects of Internet Social Networking on the Lives of Teenagers Essay - 1

Effects of Internet Social Networking on the Lives of Teenagers - Essay Example Social networking sites most commonly in use today are Facebook and Twitter. Most teenagers necessarily visit these websites several times in a day all over the world. According to a recent research generated by the Pew Internet Project, as many as 93 per cent of the teenagers in America between the age of 12 years and 17 years are regular users of the internet, and 55 per cent of such teenagers spends most of the time using social networking websites (Hall). Social networking sites cause a lot of troubles in the life of teenagers. As a result of the expanded social circle because of internet social networking, teenagers are prone to fall in the hands of pedophiles and kidnappers. Internet social networking increases the interaction of a teenager with others. In fact, many studies have found the social networks of internet using teenagers to be much larger than others that do not use the internet. Not only their social circle increases, but also the way they communicate changes. Nowa days, many teenagers can be heard speaking to one another in slang. The time that teenagers spend socializing with others in the virtual world is no less effective than the real world for building relationships and socializing with others. Everyday, hundreds of teenagers fall prey to pedophiles and end up getting into dangerous real world activities. Anonymity is a special feature of the social networking sites. This allows the unscrupulous people to approach the immature teenagers and involve them in harmful activities by conversing with them. The predators can easily project themselves as teenagers. This allows them to draw the teenagers into harmful activities in the real world along with the virtual world. They send messages to the teenagers via these websites. Many teenagers respond to them. The predators may use social networking sites to drive the teenagers into the business of drug dealing or child pornography.

Symbolic Picture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Symbolic Picture - Essay Example n this particular image, the photographer illustrates the desperate conditions of Darfur as well as the idea that it is possible to make a difference. The black and white image depicts a black child in front of a wall made of irregular posts and straw. The child is caught in the act of splashing water over his head and the water is seen streaming down the child’s very skinny body and splashing in droplets in the foreground. To refer to the child as ‘he’ is a simplification made for discussion but is not necessarily actual truth. The child depicted has very short, close-shaved hair on his head and no clothing to designate gender. The photograph provides just the hint of a belly button at the bottom edge of the image, but no further indication is provided of gender or clothing. The child is wearing two strings of white beads, which could be an indication of female gender but could also be a sign of social status or wealth. The child also wears a hospital-style bracelet which could indicate that he has access to care beyond that of the average child. There are a number of ways in which the image conveys the idea that the situation in Darfur is desperate. The background is stark, conveying a sense of a simple sand floor and poor building materials. The child is completely isolated in the image, with no sense that there is anyone else in the vicinity. This idea is reinforced by the closed eyes of the child directed downward. The most eloquent statement in the image, though, is the extreme thinness of the child. Each individual rib can be counted, the arm joints are nearly skeletal in detail and the child’s hands seem too large for the rest of his frame. However, there are plenty of hints within the image that suggests there is still hope that things can be different. The child wears beads suggesting some form of wealth and a hospital bracelet suggesting there is some form of care underway to see to this particular child’s overall well-being into